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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Author Spotlight: Quantifying Pain Experience – An Illustrative Approach Using the Pain Body Diagram
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Measuring Acute Pain Over Time in the Critically Ill Using the Multidimensional Objective Pain Assessment Tool

Debra L Wiegand1, Tracey Wilson2, Diane Pannullo3

  • 1University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland.

Pain Management Nursing : Official Journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses
|February 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The Multidimensional Objective Pain Assessment Tool (MOPAT) reliably assesses acute pain in non-communicative critically ill patients. This tool is clinically useful for critical care nurses over time and across settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Pain Management
  • Nursing Research

Background:

  • Assessing acute pain in critically ill patients who cannot self-report is challenging.
  • A valid and reliable instrument is needed for pain assessment in these patients, especially during care transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the reliability, validity, and clinical utility of the Multidimensional Objective Pain Assessment Tool (MOPAT).
  • To assess MOPAT's use by critical care nurses for non-communicative patients over time.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-seven critically ill patients and 21 ICU nurses participated.
  • Pain was assessed using MOPAT at two time points (T1, T2) around a painful event for up to 3 days.
  • Nurses completed a Clinical Utility Questionnaire.

Main Results:

  • MOPAT demonstrated good internal consistency (alphas .68 at T1, .72 at T2).
  • Inter-rater agreement was 68% for behavioral and 80% for physiologic dimensions.
  • MOPAT scores decreased significantly (p < .001) from T1 to T2, indicating validity. Nurses found the tool clinically useful.

Conclusions:

  • The MOPAT is a reliable and valid tool for assessing acute pain in non-communicative critically ill patients.
  • Its utility extends across critical care settings and over time, aiding clinical decision-making.