Optimization of antimalarial, and anticancer activities of (E)-methyl...

Chemically modified versions of bioactive substances, are particularly useful in overcoming barriers associated with drug formulation, drug delivery and poor pharmacokinetic properties. In this study, a series of fourteen (E)-methyl 2-(7-chloroquinolin-4-ylthio)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acrylate (2-15) were prepared by using a one step synthesis from 1 previously described by us as potential antimalarial and antitumor agent. Molecules were evaluated as inhibitors of β-hematin formation, where most of them showed a significant inhibition value (% > 70). The best inhibitors were tested in vivo as potential antimalarials in mice infected with P. berghei ANKA, chloroquine susceptible strain. Three of them (5, 6, and 15) displayed antimalarial activity comparable to that of chloroquine. Also, molecules were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against two human cancer cell lines (Jurkat E6.1 and HL60) and primary culture of human lymphocytes. Most of the synthesized compounds, except for analogs 2-6, 8, and 10-12, displayed cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines without affecting normal cells. The potency of the compounds was 15 ≫ 1, and 14 > 7, 9, and 13. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated an increase in apoptotic cell death after 24 h. The compounds may affect tumor cell autophagy and consequently increase cell apoptosis.