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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

Brain and behavior development in autism from birth through infancy.

Mark D Shen¹, Joseph Piven¹

¹Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience

|February 6, 2018

Summary

Early brain imaging in infancy shows promise for predicting autism spectrum disorder (ASD) before symptoms appear. Identifying these early markers can lead to timely interventions for better child outcomes.

Keywords:

autism autism spectrum disorder biomarker brain development cortical surface area diffusion tensor imaging early detection early prediction early risk sign extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid functional connectivity infancy

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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

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Published on: March 27, 2012

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Published on: September 6, 2024

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Psychology
Pediatrics

Background:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental condition diagnosed behaviorally, often after age 3.
Current diagnostic timelines delay early intervention, despite evidence that earlier treatment improves outcomes.
Heterogeneity in ASD etiology complicates the development of targeted treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current scientific understanding of early brain and behavioral markers for ASD in infancy.
To explore the potential of these markers for early prediction and understanding ASD's developmental trajectory.
To examine the implications of early detection for improving treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

Review of recent studies on early brain development and behavior in infants.
Analysis of neuroimaging findings in the first year of life.
Examination of behavioral changes during the first two years of life.

Main Results:

Autism-specific brain imaging features are detectable as early as 6 months of age.
Age-specific brain and behavioral changes indicate a developmental nature of ASD within the first two years.
Early brain imaging shows potential for presymptomatic prediction of ASD.

Conclusions:

Early identification of ASD through infant brain imaging and behavioral analysis is a promising frontier.
Understanding early developmental trajectories can help address ASD's heterogeneity.
Earlier intervention, facilitated by early detection, is crucial for more successful outcomes in children with ASD.