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Related Concept Videos

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I01:13

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I

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Compendial dissolution methods are standardized procedures defined by pharmacopeias to evaluate the rate at which a drug dissolves in a specific medium. These methods ensure batch-to-batch consistency, enable quality control, and support the prediction of drug bioavailability. They are critical for both immediate and modified-release drug products.The apparatuses used for dissolution testing differ in their design and mechanical function, but all aim to simulate the physiological environment of...
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In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II01:09

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Various dissolution methods are utilized to assess a drug’s dissolution rate, including the flow-through cell, paddle-over-disk, cylinder, and reciprocating disk methods.The flow-through cell apparatus (USP (United States Pharmacopeia) method 4) comprises a reservoir for the dissolution medium and a pump that propels the medium through the cell containing the test sample. This method is crucial for assessing modified-release dosage forms with minimally soluble active ingredients,...
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In Vitro Drug Release Testing: Overview, Development and Validation01:10

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In vitro dissolution and drug release tests assess how quickly and how much of a drug is released from its dosage form into an aqueous medium under standardized laboratory conditions. These tests are essential tools in pharmaceutical development and quality assurance, offering insight into the drug's performance before clinical use.During formulation development, dissolution testing identifies incomplete or inconsistent drug release issues. It also supports decisions on selecting the optimal...
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Dimensional Analysis03:40

Dimensional Analysis

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Dimensional analysis, also known as the factor label method, is a versatile approach for mathematical operations. The main principle behind this approach is: the units of quantities must be subjected to the same mathematical operations as their associated numbers. This method can be applied to computations ranging from simple unit conversions to more complex and multi-step calculations involving several different quantities and their units.
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Pharmacodynamic Models: Additive and Proportional Drug Effect Model01:09

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Drug response models describe how pharmacological agents interact with biological systems to produce measurable effects. Baseline responses are inherent physiological activities without a drug significantly influencing the observed pharmacological outcomes. Depending on the drug response model employed, these baseline responses may combine with the drug's effect in either an additive or proportional manner.Additive Drug Response ModelIn the additive model, the drug effect is independent of the...
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Pharmacodynamic Models: Emax Drug–Concentration Effect Model01:18

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The Emax drug-concentration effect model is central to pharmacodynamics in drug discovery and development. This model is predicated on the receptor occupancy theory, which posits that the effect of a drug is directly related to the number of receptors occupied by the drug and the resultant complex formation.The model describes the reversible interaction between a drug (C) and a receptor (R) to form a drug-receptor complex (RC). The kinetics of this interaction are quantified by an equation that...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro
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Bioengineered humanized livers as better three-dimensional drug testing model system.

Sandeep Kumar Vishwakarma1, Avinash Bardia1, Chandrakala Lakkireddy1

  • 1Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India.

World Journal of Hepatology
|February 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A novel bioengineered humanized liver model using stem cells offers a promising alternative for preclinical drug testing. This advanced ex-vivo system accurately predicts drug metabolism and toxicity, reducing costs and time.

Keywords:
AcellularizationBioengineeringDrug testingHumanized liverRepopulation

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Area of Science:

  • * Regenerative Medicine
  • * Bioengineering
  • * Pharmacology

Background:

  • * Current preclinical drug testing models face limitations in predicting human responses.
  • * Need for advanced ex-vivo systems that mimic human liver physiology for accurate drug evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To engineer a humanized three-dimensional ex-vivo liver model for effective drug testing.
  • * To establish a reliable platform for assessing drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET).

Main Methods:

  • * Development of bioengineered humanized livers using human hepatic stem cells within acellularized liver scaffolds.
  • * Repopulation of scaffolds to mimic natural liver anatomy and physiology.
  • * Utilization of six cytochrome P-450 probes for drug metabolism identification.

Main Results:

  • * Bioengineered livers exhibited human liver cellular and molecular characteristics.
  • * The model demonstrated a 3D natural architecture with intact vasculature and extracellular matrix.
  • * Drug metabolism studies confirmed its suitability as an alternative to existing ex-vivo and in-vivo models.

Conclusions:

  • * The developed humanized liver model represents a significant advancement for preclinical pharmacological testing.
  • * This approach has the potential to reduce drug development costs and timelines.
  • * Overcomes limitations associated with anatomical and physiological variations in xenogeneic systems.