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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Electron Carriers01:24

Electron Carriers

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Electron carriers can be thought of as electron shuttles. These compounds can easily accept electrons (i.e., be reduced) or lose them (i.e., be oxidized). They play an essential role in energy production because cellular respiration is contingent on the flow of electrons.
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Electron Affinity03:07

Electron Affinity

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The electron affinity (EA) is the energy change for adding an electron to a gaseous atom to form an anion (negative ion).
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Towards flexible solid-state supercapacitors for smart and wearable electronics.

Deepak P Dubal1, Nilesh R Chodankar2, Do-Heyoung Kim2

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia. dubaldeepak2@gmail.com pedro.gomez@cin2.es and Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.

Chemical Society Reviews
|February 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Flexible solid-state supercapacitors (FSSCs) offer advanced energy storage for wearable electronics. This review covers mechanisms, materials, electrolytes, and designs, highlighting future research directions for these devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Flexible solid-state supercapacitors (FSSCs) are crucial for modern wearable electronics.
  • Recent breakthroughs have significantly advanced FSSC technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review state-of-the-art advancements in FSSCs.
  • To provide insights into mechanisms, electrode materials, gel electrolytes, and cell designs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of fundamental charge storage mechanisms.
  • Summary of progress in flexible electrodes (freestanding, substrate-supported) and gel electrolytes (aqueous, organic, ionic liquids, redox-active).
  • Comprehensive analysis of FSSC cell designs and emerging electrode materials (MXenes, metal nitrides, MOFs, POMs, black phosphorus).

Main Results:

  • Discussion of flexible electrode and gel electrolyte advancements.
  • Introduction to novel electrode materials and their properties.
  • Exploration of potential applications including sensor-supercapacitors and self-healing devices.

Conclusions:

  • FSSCs are a rapidly evolving field with significant potential.
  • Current challenges and future research perspectives are highlighted for FSSC development.