Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 15, 2026
Development and Angiographic Use of the Rabbit VX2 Model for Liver Cancer
Published on: January 7, 2019
Correlation between Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Microvessel Density via CD31 and CD34 in a rabbit VX2 lung
Jin Xing1, Wen He2, Yi-Wen Ding3
1Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China. jinxingdoc@163.com.
Aim:
To evaluate the tumor angiogenesis in lung peripheral VX2 tumor model by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and to determine the correlation between CEUS parameters and microvessel density (MVD) calculated via CD31 and CD34 expression.
Material And Methods:
VX2 pulmonary tumors were created in eight Japanese white rabbits by implanting a VX2 sarcoma into the lower portion of the right lung through ultrasound guidance. Tumors were allowed to grow for 14-21 days to achieve a diameter of 7-15 mm, and were examined by CEUS using a SonoVue contrast agent. The results were recorded as digital video images, and the time-intensity curves and hemodynamic parameters were analyzed. Pathological tumor specimens were immediately obtained after the ultrasound examinations. Tumor specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and expressed as CD31 and CD34. The different endothelial cell markers were determined by immunohistochemical staining. MVD was calculated via CD 31 and CD34, and the relationship between CEUS parameters and MVD was analyzed.
Results:
Two distinct types of microvessels were identified in lung peripheral VX2 tumors: differentiated (CD34+) and undifferentiated (CD31+) vessels. A significant correlation was found between CEUS parameters and undifferentiated MVD (CD31+ vessels) in lung peripheral VX2 tumors (p<0.05). A reverse correlation was observed between different MVDs.
Conclusions:
Two different degrees of differentiation of vascular endothelial cells (CD31 and CD34) exist in the rabbit lung peripheral VX2 tumor model. CD31 MVD can more effectively evaluate tumor angiogenesis compared with CD34 MVD. CEUS, as a non-invasive imaging method, can effectively evaluate tumor angiogenesis in rabbit peripheral lung cancer.
Related Concept Videos
02:20Correlations
01:27Correlation and Causation
Correlation versus Causation
If the dependent variable increases or decreases when the independent variable increases, there is a positive or negative...
01:09Correlation
Two variables, for example, a and b, are said to be positively correlated if both variables move in the same direction. In other words, a positive correlation exists between two variables, a and b, if:
01:26Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
01:47Lung Capacity
00:56Density