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    Lidar depolarization measurements can estimate water cloud droplet size. Analyzing off-axis backscattering angles with a polarimetric simulator reveals this relationship, crucial for cloud characterization.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric optics
    • Cloud physics
    • Remote sensing

    Background:

    • Backscattering lidar depolarization parameter (D) is sensitive to particle properties.
    • Water droplet size influences light scattering patterns, including the forward-scattering diffraction peak.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relationship between lidar depolarization and water droplet size.
    • To determine if off-axis lidar measurements can retrieve depolarization information for cloud characterization.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a polarimetric Monte Carlo simulator for simulating water clouds.
    • Analyzed clouds with varying extinctions and droplet size distributions.
    • Estimated depolarization parameter at multiple backscattering off-axis angles.

    Main Results:

    • The depolarization parameter (D) of water droplets is directly related to their size via the forward-scattering diffraction peak.
    • Depolarization parameter of the polarimetric phase function can be determined from multi-angle off-axis lidar measurements.
    • Successful estimation of water-cloud droplet size using this method.

    Conclusions:

    • Off-axis lidar measurements offer a viable method for retrieving cloud droplet size information.
    • The depolarization parameter is a key indicator for remote sensing of cloud microphysical properties.