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Related Concept Videos

Semiconductors01:22

Semiconductors

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There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
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Intrinsic semiconductors are highly pure materials with no impurities. At absolute zero, these semiconductors behave as perfect insulators because all the valence electrons are bound, and the conduction band is empty, disallowing electrical conduction. The Fermi level is a concept used to describe the probability of occupancy of energy levels by electrons at thermal equilibrium. In intrinsic semiconductors, the Fermi level is positioned at the midpoint of the energy gap at absolute zero. When...
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Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

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The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
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Biasing metal-semiconductor junctions involves applying a voltage across the junction. Specifically, the metal is connected to a voltage source, while the semiconductor is grounded. This technique is essential for controlling the direction and magnitude of current flow in electronic devices, including diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic cells.
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Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
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Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance in Semiconductor Nanocrystals.

Ankit Agrawal1, Shin Hum Cho1, Omid Zandi1

  • 1McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States.

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Summary

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) offers tunable optical properties. This review explores the physics, synthesis, and diverse applications of these plasmonic nanomaterials.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Optics and Photonics
  • Solid State Physics

Background:

  • Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) enables tunable optical properties like absorption and scattering.
  • The optical response of NCs can be controlled through doping, oxidation, reduction, and photochemical/electrochemical methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental electromagnetic dynamics of light-matter interaction in plasmonic semiconductor NCs.
  • To discuss the synthesis routes and distinctive physical properties of LSPR-active semiconductor NCs.
  • To highlight the applications and limitations of the Drude model for describing semiconductor plasmonics.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of free carrier dielectric properties induced in various semiconductor materials (metal oxides, chalcogenides, nitrides, silicon).
  • Investigation of dopant hybridization, shape, and crystal structure effects on LSPR characteristics.
  • Focus on metal oxides and copper chalcogenide NCs, with examples from other doped semiconductors.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of tunable LSPR across the visible to far-infrared spectrum in semiconductor NCs.
  • Illustration of how colloidal synthesis enables control over NC properties.
  • Discussion of the interplay between material properties, structure, and plasmonic behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Doped semiconductor NCs exhibit promising LSPR properties for diverse applications.
  • Potential applications include infrared spectroscopy, energy-saving technologies, biomedical therapies and imaging, and advanced optical devices.