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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He...
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Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a...
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Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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First-Principles Study on Layered C2N-Metal Interfaces.

Zhao Chen1, Ruiqi Zhang1, Jinlong Yang1

  • 1Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Centre for Excellence Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored metal contacts with two-dimensional C2N, finding that Aluminum (Al) and Scandium (Sc) form ideal Ohmic contacts with monolayer C2N. Silver (Ag) also shows promise for practical applications due to its low resistance.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer unique electronic properties.
  • C2N is a novel, low-cost, metal-free 2D semiconductor.
  • Efficient charge injection is crucial for 2D electronic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate metal contacts with monolayer (ML) and bilayer (BL) C2N.
  • Analyze interface properties to identify optimal electrode materials.
  • Understand Fermi level pinning effects in C2N-metal systems.

Main Methods:

  • First-principles calculations.
  • Analysis of interface geometries and electronic structures.
  • Evaluation of Fermi level pinning and contact resistance.

Main Results:

  • Identified Al and Sc as forming Ohmic contacts with ML C2N due to strong interactions.
  • Ohmic contacts also observed for C2N-Ag and BL C2N-Sc systems.
  • C2N-Ag contacts exhibit lower resistance, making them attractive for applications.

Conclusions:

  • Ohmic contacts are achievable with various metal electrodes on C2N.
  • Interface properties dictate contact behavior.
  • C2N-Ag contacts are promising for practical device implementation.