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Phase retrieval in generalized optical interferometry systems.

Wesley E Farriss, James R Fienup, Tanya Malhotra

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    This study introduces generalized interferometry (GI) for optical modal analysis, successfully recovering modal coefficients for complex light fields. The robust algorithm overcomes noise and local minima, advancing optical field characterization.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Quantum Optics
    • Wavefront Sensing

    Background:

    • Characterizing complex optical fields is crucial for advanced applications.
    • Existing modal analysis techniques face limitations in accuracy and robustness.
    • Generalized Interferometry (GI) offers a novel approach to optical field decomposition.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a robust algorithm for modal analysis of optical fields using GI.
    • To recover both amplitude and phase information of modal weighting coefficients.
    • To assess the algorithm's resilience to noise and its ability to handle complex superpositions.

    Main Methods:

    • Employing generalized interferometry (GI) to treat optical fields as superpositions of transverse modes.
    • Utilizing phase retrieval via nonlinear optimization to determine modal weighting coefficients.
    • Implementing information diversity and multiple random starting phases to enhance robustness and avoid local minima.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully recovered nearly all modal coefficient phases for simulated fields with up to 21 Hermite Gaussian modes.
    • Demonstrated resilience of the algorithm to simulated shot noise.
    • Validated the effectiveness of information diversity and multiple random starting phases in improving solution accuracy.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed GI-based phase retrieval algorithm is effective for modal analysis of complex optical fields.
    • The technique shows significant robustness against noise, making it suitable for experimental applications.
    • This method advances the capability for precise characterization of optical wavefronts.