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Related Concept Videos

Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

52.4K
It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
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Band Theory02:35

Band Theory

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When two or more atoms come together to form a molecule, their atomic orbitals combine and molecular orbitals of distinct energies result. In a solid, there are a large number of atoms, and therefore a large number of atomic orbitals that may be combined into molecular orbitals. These groups of molecular orbitals are so closely placed together to form continuous regions of energies, known as the bands.
The energy difference between these bands is known as the band gap.
Conductor, Semiconductor,...
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The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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The Dot Product01:26

The Dot Product

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Measuring how one directional quantity affects another along a specific path involves comparing their orientation and strength. When two such quantities are represented using direction and amount, a numerical result is computed to show how much one acts along the path of the other. This result comes from a rule combining both inputs' horizontal and vertical parts and adding the results.This calculation gives a single value that grows larger when both inputs point in similar directions and...
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Dot Product01:29

Dot Product

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The dot product is an essential concept in mathematics and physics.
In engineering, the dot product of any two vectors is the product of the magnitudes of the vectors and the cosine of the angle between them. It is denoted by a dot symbol between the two vectors.
Consider a vehicle pulling an object along the ground using a rope. If the rope makes an angle with the horizontal axis, the work done can be calculated using the dot product of the force applied and the object's displacement.
The dot...
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Energy Bands in Solids01:01

Energy Bands in Solids

2.0K
Isolated atoms have discrete energy levels that are well described by the Bohr model. And, it quantifies the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom as En. Higher quantum numbers 'n' yield less negative, closer electron energy levels.
 Band Formation:
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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

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High performance InAs/InP quantum dot 34.462-GHz C-band coherent comb laser module.

Z G Lu, J R Liu, C Y Song

    Optics Express
    |February 7, 2018
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed an InAs/InP quantum dot (QD) C-band coherent comb laser (CCL) module. This module offers stabilized wavelength and power, with precise channel spacing for advanced optical applications.

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    Synthesis of In37P20O2CR51 Clusters and Their Conversion to InP Quantum Dots
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    Area of Science:

    • Semiconductor lasers
    • Quantum dot optoelectronics
    • Photonics and optical communications

    Background:

    • Coherent comb lasers (CCLs) are crucial for high-capacity optical communication systems.
    • Developing compact and stable CCLs with precise channel control remains a challenge.
    • Indium Arsenide/Indium Phosphide (InAs/InP) quantum dots offer unique optoelectronic properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a C-band coherent comb laser (CCL) module utilizing InAs/InP quantum dots (QDs).
    • To achieve actively stabilized absolute wavelength and power output.
    • To characterize the performance metrics including channel spacing, output power, noise, and linewidth.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of an InAs/InP quantum dot (QD) based laser.
    • Implementation of active stabilization techniques for wavelength and power.
    • Characterization of channel spacing accuracy using high-resolution spectroscopy.
    • Measurement of relative intensity noise (RIN) over a wide frequency range.
    • Analysis of optical linewidth for individual channels.

    Main Results:

    • A C-band CCL module with 34.462 GHz channel spacing (± 100 ppm accuracy) was successfully developed.
    • The module achieved a total output power of up to 46 mW.
    • Integrated average relative intensity noise (RIN) was measured at -165.6 dB/Hz for the spectrum and -130.3 dB/Hz for a single channel.
    • Optical linewidths for individual channels ranged from 850 kHz to 2.16 MHz.
    • Noise behaviors of individual channels were thoroughly analyzed.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed InAs/InP QD CCL module demonstrates high performance in terms of wavelength stability, power, and channel precision.
    • The characterized noise and linewidth performance indicate suitability for demanding optical communication applications.
    • This QD-based CCL module represents a significant advancement in compact and stable coherent light source technology.