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Controllable mode transformation in perfect optical vortices.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Structured Light Fields

    Background:

    • Perfect optical vortices (POVs) are structured light beams with unique properties.
    • Controlling the modes of POVs is crucial for advanced optical applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel method for freely transforming the modes of perfect optical vortices (POVs).
    • To demonstrate precise control over POV mode transformations, including elliptical shapes and fractional modes.

    Main Methods:

    • Adjusting the scaling factor of the Bessel-Gauss beam to control circular-to-elliptical mode transformation.
    • Modulating the cone angle of an axicon to freely adjust elliptical modes in orthogonal directions.
    • Experimental verification of the properties of the generated perfect vortices.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved high-purity transformation of POV modes from circle to ellipse.
    • Demonstrated free adjustment of elliptical modes along two orthogonal directions.
    • Presented fractional elliptic POVs with controllable number and position of gaps.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed method offers a versatile and controllable way to manipulate POV modes.
    • The ability to generate versatile fractional elliptic POVs opens new possibilities for optical field applications.
    • These findings are significant for applications requiring complex structured optical fields.