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Updated Review of Fish Analgesia.

Frederic Chatigny1, Catherine M Creighton2, E Don Stevens3

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Analgesics show potential benefits for fish pain management, with few adverse effects noted. However, more research is needed due to interspecies variation and limited pain assessment methods in fish.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Aquatic Animal Health
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Pain management in mammals commonly uses analgesics, but their application in fish remains limited.
  • Existing literature on fish analgesics is scarce and sometimes contradictory, hindering clinical decision-making.
  • Understanding analgesic properties and efficacy is crucial for improving fish welfare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current information on analgesic use in fish.
  • To guide clinicians in selecting appropriate analgesic drugs and dosages for fish.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and future research directions in fish pain management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating analgesics in fish.
  • Focus on common analgesic classes: opioids, NSAIDs, and local anesthetics.
  • Primary species examined include rainbow trout and zebrafish.

Main Results:

  • Limited evidence for the efficacy of most analgesics in fish.
  • Beneficial effects on behavior and physiology reported, particularly with morphine.
  • Most analgesics demonstrated minimal significant adverse side effects in tested fish.

Conclusions:

  • Analgesics may be cautiously administered to fish experiencing pain, as they appear safe and potentially beneficial.
  • Significant interspecies variation and potential for unforeseen effects necessitate caution.
  • Further research is essential to validate pain assessment and analgesic efficacy in diverse fish species.