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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Investigating the Microbial Community in the Termite Hindgut - Interview
Published on: May 28, 2007
Hemimetabolous genomes reveal molecular basis of termite eusociality
Mark C Harrison1, Evelien Jongepier1, Hugh M Robertson2
1Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Abstract:
Around 150 million years ago, eusocial termites evolved from within the cockroaches, 50 million years before eusocial Hymenoptera, such as bees and ants, appeared. Here, we report the 2-Gb genome of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, and the 1.3-Gb genome of the drywood termite Cryptotermes secundus. We show evolutionary signatures of termite eusociality by comparing the genomes and transcriptomes of three termites and the cockroach against the background of 16 other eusocial and non-eusocial insects. Dramatic adaptive changes in genes underlying the production and perception of pheromones confirm the importance of chemical communication in the termites. These are accompanied by major changes in gene regulation and the molecular evolution of caste determination. Many of these results parallel molecular mechanisms of eusocial evolution in Hymenoptera. However, the specific solutions are remarkably different, thus revealing a striking case of convergence in one of the major evolutionary transitions in biological complexity.
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