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Perinatal factors affecting growth and development at age 3 years in extremely low birth weight infants born small

Nozomi Matsuda1,2, Atsuko Taki1,2, Atsumi Tsuji1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.

Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology : Case Reports and Clinical Investigations : Official Journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology
|February 7, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWIs) born small for gestational age (SGA) showed catch-up growth by age 3, but lower Apgar scores indicated risks for developmental delays. Mechanical ventilation history impacted height outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Pediatric Growth and Development
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWIs) born small for gestational age (SGA) face unique challenges in growth and development.
  • Factors influencing long-term outcomes for these vulnerable infants require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze growth and developmental trajectories of ELBWIs born SGA up to 3 years of age.
  • To identify factors associated with growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes in this cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 244 ELBWIs born between 2003-2010.
  • Inclusion of 16 ELBWIs born SGA (weight/height <10th percentile) followed until 3 years.
  • Assessment of height, weight, and developmental quotient (DQ), with analysis of clinical factors.

Main Results:

  • At 3 years, 94% and 88% of ELBWIs achieved height and weight above -2 SD, respectively.
  • A history of mechanical ventilation was linked to height outcomes.
  • The average full developmental quotient (DQ) was 85, with 63% scoring above 85; lower Apgar scores (≤7) predicted lower DQ.

Conclusions:

  • Most ELBWIs born SGA achieve catch-up growth by age 3, surpassing the -2 SD threshold for height and weight.
  • Lower Apgar scores are a significant risk factor for impaired motor and overall development in ELBWIs born SGA.
  • Mechanical ventilation history may influence final height in this population, warranting further investigation.

Keywords:
Apgar scoreExtremely low birth weight infantdevelopmentgrowthsmall for gestational age

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