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The Evidence for Evolution

The Evidence for Evolution

Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.

Convergent Evolution

Convergent Evolution

Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.

Eukaryotic Evolution

Eukaryotic Evolution

The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...

Synteny and Evolution

Synteny and Evolution

John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase

Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase

Published on: May 29, 2008

Evolution of Cyclophotocoagulation.

Jideofor K Ndulue¹, Kamran Rahmatnejad¹, Carina Sanvicente¹

¹Wills Eye Hospital, Glaucoma Research Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research

|February 7, 2018

Summary

Cyclodestructive procedures for refractory glaucoma have evolved significantly. Recent advancements in cyclophotocoagulation show promising results with fewer complications, increasing its use as a primary glaucoma treatment.

Keywords:

Endocyclophotocoagulation Glaucoma Transcleral Cyclophotocoagulation Transpupillary Cyclophotocoagulation

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Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection

Published on: September 5, 2018

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Medical Technology

Background:

Cyclodestructive techniques have been used for refractory glaucoma since the 1930s.
Evolution from cyclodiathermy to micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP-TSCPC).
Historical complications led to reluctance in using these methods.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the evolution and current status of cyclodestructive techniques for glaucoma.
To assess the impact of recent advancements on complication rates and clinical outcomes.

Main Methods:

Literature search conducted on Google Scholar, Pubmed, Web of Sciences, and Cochrane Library.
Keywords used: cyclodestruction, cyclophotocoagulation, refractory glaucoma.
Search limited to publications prior to September 2017.

Main Results:

Cyclodestruction has advanced significantly over nine decades.
Recent studies indicate improved clinical results and reduced complications with cyclophotocoagulation.
Increased adoption of cyclophotocoagulation as a primary glaucoma treatment.

Conclusions:

Micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation represents a modern advancement in cyclodestructive therapy.
The improved safety profile is driving the increased use of cyclophotocoagulation.
Further research may solidify its role in primary glaucoma management.