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Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

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Genetic Programming of Hypertension.

Sun-Young Ahn1,2, Charu Gupta1,2

  • 1Department of Nephrology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|February 7, 2018
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Summary

Hypertension (HTN) genetics are complex. This review explores monogenic syndromes, genetic study methods, epigenetics, pharmacogenomics, and pediatric hypertension genetics, highlighting challenges in targeted therapy development.

Keywords:
childrenepigeneticsgeneticshypertensionpediatricspharmacogenomics

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Heritability of hypertension (HTN) is well-established.
  • Essential HTN's complexity complicates identifying single genes and developing targeted therapies.
  • Gene-environment interactions and epigenetics are crucial in blood pressure (BP) regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of monogenic HTN syndromes and their mechanisms.
  • To discuss methodologies in genetic studies of essential HTN.
  • To explore epigenetic factors, pharmacogenomics, and pediatric HTN genetics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on genetic linkage analyses and genome-wide association studies (GWAS).
  • Analysis of pathophysiologic mechanisms for monogenic HTN.
  • Examination of epigenetic modulation pathways affecting BP.
  • Synthesis of findings from pharmacogenomic and pediatric HTN genetic studies.

Main Results:

  • Monogenic HTN syndromes and their mechanisms are increasingly understood.
  • GWAS and linkage analyses are key tools, but essential HTN gene identification remains challenging.
  • Epigenetic factors and gene-environment interactions significantly influence BP variability.
  • Advances in pediatric HTN genetics are emerging.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the genetic architecture of HTN requires integrating diverse methodologies.
  • Epigenetic modifications and environmental factors are critical for HTN etiology.
  • Future research should focus on complex gene interactions and personalized medicine approaches for HTN treatment, including in pediatric populations.