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Control of a Mycoplasma pneumoniae Outbreak in an Institutional Setting Using Azithromycin Prophylaxis
Michael Gdalevich1,2, Eric J Haas1, Larisa Dukhan1
1Israeli Ministry of Health, Southern District, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
Frontiers in Public Health
|February 7, 2018
Summary
Mycoplasma pneumoniae outbreaks in residential facilities can be controlled. Azithromycin prophylaxis for all residents, alongside strict hygiene and isolation, rapidly halted an outbreak, suggesting its value in institutional settings.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes significant respiratory infections, particularly in communal settings.
- Controlling M. pneumoniae outbreaks is difficult due to long incubation periods and limited guidelines.
- Residential facilities for vulnerable populations are susceptible to M. pneumoniae transmission.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate and control a Mycoplasma pneumoniae outbreak in a residential facility.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of infection control strategies, including azithromycin prophylaxis.
Main Methods:
- Conducted an outbreak investigation in a Southern Israel residential facility from May to July 2015.
- Implemented strict infection control measures: case isolation, hygiene enforcement, and high suspicion for detection.
- Administered azithromycin prophylaxis to all residents.
Main Results:
- Identified 23 confirmed cases of M. pneumoniae infection among 215 residents, with an 11% attack rate.
- No severe or fatal illnesses were reported during the outbreak.
- The implemented control strategy, including prophylaxis, led to the rapid cessation of the outbreak.
Conclusions:
- Azithromycin prophylaxis is a potentially valuable intervention for M. pneumoniae infections in closed institutional settings.
- Broadening prophylaxis beyond immediate contacts may be necessary if inter-ward spread is a concern.
- Effective outbreak control relies on a multi-faceted approach including prompt detection and intervention.
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