Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

3.9K
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
3.9K
Language01:16

Language

924
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
924
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

831
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
831
Language Development01:22

Language Development

941
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
941
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

820
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
820
Maturation of Endosomes01:28

Maturation of Endosomes

5.9K
The early endosome containing internalized molecules matures through transformations in its location, morphology, intraluminal pH, and membrane protein composition. Together, these changes result in a more acidic late endosome that contains multiple intraluminal vesicles; therefore, the late endosome is also called a multivesicular body (MVB).
Changes in location
The maturing endosome moves along microtubules from the periphery of the cell towards the perinuclear region. This movement of the...
5.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Opioidergic pain relief in humans is mediated by beta and high-gamma modulation in limbic regions.

Pain·2026
Same author

An embodied multi-articulatory multimodal language framework: A commentary on Karadöller, Sümer and Özyürek.

First language·2026
Same author

Argument marking in a new sign language.

Te Reo : proceedings of the Linguistic Society of New Zealand·2026
Same author

Stimulation with ECoG electrodes modulates cortical activity and sensory processing in the awake mouse brain.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

American Sign Language basic clause comprehension strategies used by late first-language learners: Plausibility, animacy, and linguistic structure.

Language learning and development : the official journal of the Society for Language Development·2025
Same author

Cross-region neuron co-firing mediated by ripple oscillations supports distributed working memory representations.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same journal

The cognitive construction of moral scenes: Associations of visuospatial ability and impulsivity with perspective and vividness in mental simulation.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
Same journal

Theta band activity during event-file retrieval is influenced by stimulus salience in the preceding action episode.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
Same journal

Language recovery in Hungarian speakers with aphasia: Roles of phonology and intraindividual variability.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
Same journal

Neural and behavioral dissociations of self-focused and other-focused incentives in trust.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
Same journal

A multiverse analysis of the logical memory test and plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
Same journal

Reading and writing impairments in Spanish-speaking individuals with primary progressive aphasia: A single-case series study.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

10.8K

Neurolinguistic processing when the brain matures without language.

Rachel I Mayberry1, Tristan Davenport2, Austin Roth2

  • 1Department of Linguistics, University of California San Diego, USA.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|February 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Late language acquisition in deaf adults shows limited brain language area activation. This suggests early linguistic exposure is crucial for developing typical neural language processing, with the dorsal pathway compensating when early language is absent.

Keywords:
Brain language developmentCritical periodMagnetoencephalographyNeural plasticitySign language

More Related Videos

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
12:49

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

Published on: July 13, 2019

18.0K
Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting
06:16

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting

Published on: June 6, 2020

4.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

10.8K
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
12:49

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

Published on: July 13, 2019

18.0K
Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting
06:16

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting

Published on: June 6, 2020

4.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Linguistics
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • The critical period for language acquisition and its impact on brain development is not fully understood.
  • Investigating this is challenging in hearing populations due to ubiquitous spoken language exposure.
  • Deafness offers a unique window to study language acquisition timing and neural development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural basis of lexico-semantic processing in a deaf adult with late language acquisition.
  • To determine if linguistic experience during critical developmental periods is necessary for typical brain language system function.

Main Methods:

  • Anatomically constrained magnetoencephalography (aMEG) was used to neuroimage brain activity.
  • Lexico-semantic processing of signed words was examined in a deaf adult who acquired language in young adulthood.

Main Results:

  • The individual showed limited neural responses in perisylvian language areas to signed words, even after 30 years of use.
  • Neural activations were primarily observed in the dorsolateral superior parietal and occipital areas.
  • These findings align with previous studies of individuals with language deprivation until adolescence.

Conclusions:

  • Early linguistic experience during brain maturation is essential for the functional development of the brain's language system.
  • The dorsal processing pathway may compensate for language processing when the brain matures without early language exposure.
  • This highlights the critical role of timing in language acquisition and neural specialization.