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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
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Related Experiment Video

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Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
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Progress and challenges in deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Sina Kohl1, Juan Carlos Baldermann1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.

Pharmacology & Therapeutics
|February 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) shows promise for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Further research is needed to optimize this novel therapy and understand its network effects.

Keywords:
Deep brain stimulationFunctional neurosurgeryNeuromodulationObsessive-compulsive disorderPsychiatryStriatumTreatment-resistant

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating condition.
  • Treatment-resistant OCD (TROC) poses significant challenges.
  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an emerging neuromodulation technique.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in DBS for TROC.
  • To highlight the progress and challenges associated with DBS in OCD treatment.
  • To explore potential mechanisms of action and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative literature review.
  • Analysis of studies on DBS targets in the brain.
  • Synthesis of findings on efficacy and challenges.

Main Results:

  • DBS targets include white matter (e.g., anterior limb of the internal capsule) and grey matter nuclei (e.g., nucleus accumbens).
  • Beneficial effects on OCD symptoms have been reported for various targets.
  • Mechanisms likely involve network modulation affecting prefrontal cortex and striatum.

Conclusions:

  • DBS is a promising option for refractory OCD patients.
  • Significant challenges remain, requiring further investigation into predictors and augmentation strategies.
  • An international patient registry could enhance understanding of adverse events and target specificity.