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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

1.9K
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Anatomical Movements00:51

Anatomical Movements

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Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist,...
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Intrinsically Disordered Proteins02:18

Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

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Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...
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The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles01:43

The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles

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In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
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Fluid Movement Between Compartments01:18

Fluid Movement Between Compartments

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The force applied by fluids against a surface, known as hydrostatic pressure, initiates the transfer of fluid among different compartments. Within our blood vessels, the blood's hydrostatic pressure is a result of the heart's pumping action. At the arteriolar end of capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (capillary blood pressure) exceeds the opposing colloid osmotic pressure created primarily by plasma proteins like albumin. This discrepancy in pressure propels plasma and nutrients from the...
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Movement Joints in Buildings01:27

Movement Joints in Buildings

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Movement joints in buildings are essential design elements that accommodate inevitable motions caused by various factors such as temperature changes, moisture content variations, and structural deflections. These motions, if not considered in design and construction, can lead to unsightly or dangerous damage. Movement joints are incorporated in different forms to manage these stresses and allow materials to move without causing distress.
The simplest type of movement joints, working joints, are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

A Rapid, Simple, and Standardized Homogenization Method to Prepare Antigen/Adjuvant Emulsions for Inducing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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A Rapid, Simple, and Standardized Homogenization Method to Prepare Antigen/Adjuvant Emulsions for Inducing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

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Autoimmune and paraneoplastic movement disorders: An update.

José Fidel Baizabal-Carvallo1, Joseph Jankovic2

  • 1Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; University of Guanajuato, Mexico.

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|February 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Autoimmune disorders frequently cause movement disorders (MDs), including chorea and dystonia, affecting the nervous system. Early diagnosis and immunotherapy are crucial for better outcomes in patients with these conditions.

Keywords:
AtaxiaAutoimmune disordersChoreaMovement disordersStiff-person syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Movement disorders (MDs) are frequently seen in autoimmune diseases impacting the central and peripheral nervous systems.
  • These can be triggered by infections or antibodies targeting neuronal components, leading to hyperkinetic movements like chorea and dystonia.
  • Specific conditions include anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, LGI1/Caspr-2 antibody-associated disorders, and autoimmune issues targeting glutamic acid decarboxylase.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significant association between autoimmune disorders and various movement disorders.
  • To emphasize the importance of recognizing specific motor phenomena that may indicate underlying autoimmune encephalitis.
  • To underscore the critical need for prompt diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune-related movement disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations of movement disorders in the context of autoimmune diseases.
  • Identification of specific autoantibodies and their associated neurological manifestations.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies for autoimmune movement disorders.

Main Results:

  • Autoimmune disorders manifest with diverse MDs, including chorea, dystonia, stereotypies, myorhythmia, stiff-person syndrome, and ataxia.
  • Certain antibodies (e.g., anti-NMDA receptor, LGI1, Caspr-2) are linked to specific movement patterns and neurological syndromes.
  • Conditions like Hashimoto's encephalitis and opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome also present with movement abnormalities, often with unclear autoimmune mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis of autoimmune disorders presenting with subacute movement disorders is vital for improving prognosis.
  • Treatment typically involves immunotherapy and symptomatic management of motor symptoms.
  • Identifying and treating underlying causes, such as tumors, is essential for optimal patient outcomes.