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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Design Consideration01:22

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Designing a structure involves a series of considerations, primarily the material's ultimate strength, calculated through tests that measure changes under increased force until the material reaches its breaking point or limit. The ultimate load, where the material breaks, is divided by its original cross-sectional area, resulting in the ultimate normal stress or strength. The ultimate shearing stress is another significant factor taken into account.
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Tensile Strength Considerations of Concrete01:16

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Considering the tensile strength of concrete involves recognizing that the theoretical strength of cement paste can be up to a thousand times higher than what is observed in practical applications. This significant discrepancy is largely attributed to the presence of microscopic cracks within the concrete. These cracks tend to amplify stress at their tips when a load is applied, a phenomenon explained by Griffith's theory of brittle fracture.
The dimensions and shape of a concrete specimen...
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Transmission Line Design Considerations01:23

Transmission Line Design Considerations

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Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...
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Special considerations while measuring pulse01:13

Special considerations while measuring pulse

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Assessing a patient's pulse is a fundamental skill in healthcare, but certain situations require special attention:
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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture
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Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

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Pediatric Considerations for Postexposure Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prophylaxis.

William J Muller1, Ellen G Chadwick1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Box 20, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
|February 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This article reviews updated guidelines for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) postexposure prophylaxis in children. It focuses on managing rare blood-borne disease exposures and reducing patient anxiety.

Keywords:
AntiviralsBlood-borne infectionsHuman immunodeficiency virusNeedlestickPostexposure prophylaxis

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Blood-borne disease exposures in children, though rare, cause significant parental anxiety.
  • Pediatric infectious disease specialists frequently advise on antimicrobial prophylaxis post-exposure.
  • Evolving guidelines for nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (nPEP) for HIV reflect new medications and risk-benefit assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss evidence supporting recent updates to CDC guidelines for nPEP of HIV.
  • To focus on the application of these updated guidelines within the pediatric population.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines.
  • Analysis of evidence regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (nPEP).
  • Focus on pediatric considerations and applications.

Main Results:

  • Guidelines for HIV nPEP have been updated based on new data and medications.
  • Risk assessment and cost-benefit analyses inform current recommendations.
  • Specific considerations for pediatric use are highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Updated CDC guidelines provide a framework for managing HIV exposure in children.
  • Effective prophylaxis strategies aim to minimize risk and anxiety for pediatric patients and families.
  • Continued vigilance and adherence to evidence-based protocols are crucial.