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Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies
Published on: October 22, 2014
Prediabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology and Interventions for Prevention and Risk Reduction
Ben Brannick1, Sam Dagogo-Jack1
1Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 920 Madison Avenue, Suite 300A, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Abstract:
Prediabetes is a state characterized by impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance. This review discusses the pathophysiology and macrovascular complications of prediabetes. The pathophysiologic defects underlying prediabetes include insulin resistance, alpha- and beta-cell dysfunction, increased lipolysis, inflammation, and suboptimal incretin effect. Recent studies have revealed that the long-term complications of diabetes manifest in some people with prediabetes; these complications include microvascular and macrovascular disorders. Finally, we present an overview of randomized control trials aimed at preventing progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes and discuss their implications for macrovascular risk reduction.
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