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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Rapid Nanoprobe Signal Enhancement by In Situ Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis
Published on: March 7, 2018
Paper-based immunosensor with signal amplification by enzyme-labeled anti-p16INK4a multifunctionalized gold
Ruchuon Yokchom1, Somsak Laiwejpithaya2, Weerakanya Maneeprakorn3
1Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to develop a paper-based immunosensor for cervical cancer screening, with signal amplification by multifunctionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The AuNPs were functionalized with a highly specific antibody to the p16INK4a cancer biomarker. The signal was amplified using a combination of the peroxidase activity of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme-antibody conjugate and the peroxidase-like activity of the AuNPs. The immune complex of p16INK4a protein and multifunctionalized AuNPs was deposited on the nitrocellulose membrane, and a positive result was generated by catalytic oxidation of peroxidase enzyme substrate 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). The entire reaction occurred on the membrane within 30 min. Evaluation in clinical samples revealed 85.2% accuracy with a kappa coefficient of 0.69. This proof of concept study demonstrates the successful development of a highly accurate, paper-based immunosensor that is easy to interpret using the naked eye and that is suitable for cervical cancer screening in low-resource settings.
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