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Related Concept Videos

Language01:16

Language

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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
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Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Factors Influencing Attraction V: Social Skills01:29

Factors Influencing Attraction V: Social Skills

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Social skills play a crucial role in shaping interpersonal interactions and enhancing individuals' ability to navigate various social environments successfully. These skills contribute to personal and professional success, influencing how others perceive and treat individuals. High social skills provide distinct advantages in numerous settings, including romantic relationships, politics, and legal proceedings. In courtroom settings, for instance, defendants who exhibit strong social skills are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
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Screening language skills at 2;0.

Suvi-Maria Vehkavuori1, Suvi Stolt2

  • 1Faculty of Humanities, Child Language Research Center, University of Oulu, Finland.

Infant Behavior & Development
|February 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early language screening for at-risk children is difficult. Two methods, FinCDI-SF and FinCSBS, showed high specificity but moderate sensitivity for identifying language delays at age two.

Keywords:
Language developmentLexical developmentParental concernScreeningWord combinations

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Area of Science:

  • Child language development
  • Developmental pediatrics
  • Speech-language pathology

Background:

  • Early identification of language difficulties in children is crucial for timely intervention.
  • Current screening methods present challenges in accuracy and comprehensiveness.
  • Assessing the utility of specific indicators like word combinations and parental concern is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of two early language screening tools at 2 years of age.
  • To determine the value of word combinations and parental concern in early language screening.
  • To inform best practices for identifying children at risk for language delays.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Finnish versions of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories (FinCDI-SF) and the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales (FinCSBS) for screening.
  • Analyzed data from 78 children aged 2 years.
  • Assessed screening method performance against the Reynell Developmental Language Scales III as a benchmark.

Main Results:

  • Both FinCDI-SF and FinCSBS demonstrated high specificity in identifying children without language delays.
  • The sensitivity of both screening methods was found to be moderate.
  • Parental concern and the use of word combinations provided valuable insights into early language development.

Conclusions:

  • While effective in specificity, current screening tools may miss some children with language difficulties.
  • Incorporating parental input and analyzing early linguistic markers like word combinations enhances screening accuracy.
  • Receptive language development should be a key consideration in comprehensive early language screening protocols.