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T-suppressor cell defects in euthyroid nonendemic goitre.

R D van der Gaag, M von Blomberg-van der Flier, E van de Plassche-Boers

    Acta Endocrinologica
    |May 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Nonendemic goitre may involve autoimmune thyroid disease. This study found immune system defects, specifically in T-suppressor cells, in patients with nonendemic goitre, suggesting a role in the condition.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Endocrinology
    • Autoimmune Diseases

    Background:

    • Nonendemic goitre is increasingly viewed as an organ-specific autoimmune thyroid disorder.
    • Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TGI) are found in many patients, suggesting autoimmune activity.
    • Imbalances in T-helper (Th) and T-suppressor (Ts) cells are implicated in other autoimmune thyroid diseases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate potential T-suppressor cell defects in nonendemic euthyroid goitre.
    • To determine if numerical and functional Ts cell abnormalities are present in these patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Studied 15 patients with nonendemic euthyroid goitre, 11 of whom were TGI positive.
    • Enumerated T cells, Th cells (Leu3a+), and Ts/cytotoxic cells (OKT8+) using monoclonal antibodies.
    • Assessed Ts cell function via a proliferation assay involving preculture to remove Ts cells.

    Main Results:

    • Patients showed a significantly higher Leu3a+/OKT8+ cell ratio (2.74 vs 1.75) compared to controls (P<0.01), primarily due to decreased OKT8+ cells.
    • Functional Ts cell assays revealed a defect in patient lymphocytes, with a lower suppressor cell removal index (SRI) (1.5 vs 2.6, P<0.05).
    • A correlation was observed between numerical and functional Ts cell data.

    Conclusions:

    • Nonendemic euthyroid goitre is associated with numerical and functional defects in T-suppressor cells.
    • These findings suggest a role for Ts cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of nonendemic goitre, similar to other autoimmune thyroid diseases.

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