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Related Concept Videos

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

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Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
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Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Actin Polymerization01:42

Actin Polymerization

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Actin polymerization occurs through the head-to-tail association of binding sites on monomeric actin or G-actin to form filamentous or F-actin. The polymerization can be divided into three phases ̶  nucleation, elongation, and steady-state phase.
The nucleation phase involves forming a stable nucleus consisting of three actin monomers to form a new actin filament. Actin-binding proteins such as formins and Arp2/3 complex help filament growth post-nucleation. The Formins form straight...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility01:13

Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility

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Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
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Polymeric Microneedle Array Fabrication by Photolithography
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Polymeric microneedles for transdermal protein delivery.

Yanqi Ye1, Jicheng Yu1, Di Wen1

  • 1Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|February 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Microneedles offer a promising solution for transdermal protein delivery, overcoming challenges like large molecule size and degradation. This review explores polymeric microneedle designs for effective protein drug translocation into circulation.

Keywords:
Drug deliveryMicroneedleProtein deliveryTransdermalVaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pharmaceutics
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Therapeutic proteins face significant barriers in transdermal delivery due to their large size and degradation.
  • Traditional delivery methods struggle to effectively transport these biomolecules across the skin barrier.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the design and application of polymeric microneedles for transdermal protein drug delivery.
  • To discuss the potential and future clinical translation of microneedle technology.

Main Methods:

  • Survey of current literature on polymeric microneedle fabrication and formulation.
  • Analysis of microneedle applications in local and systemic drug delivery.
  • Review of studies focusing on transdermal protein translocation.

Main Results:

  • Microneedles painlessly penetrate the stratum corneum, enabling direct translocation of protein drugs.
  • Polymeric microneedles can be engineered with specific materials and formulations for optimized delivery.
  • Applications span vaccination, diabetes management, and cancer therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Polymeric microneedles represent a viable platform for overcoming transdermal protein delivery challenges.
  • Further development and clinical translation hold significant promise for various therapeutic areas.
  • Microneedle technology offers a minimally invasive approach for systemic protein drug delivery.