Autoimmunity in otology

Experimental and clinical studies over the past ten years have confirmed that immune-mediated disease can involve the external, middle, and/or inner ear. Autoimmune inner ear dysfunction can result from systemic or localized disease. The pathogenesis of autoimmunity and the responsible antigen(s) of the inner ear is not known at present. The clinical course, laboratory test results, and treatment response often follow a consistent pattern but in some cases may be highly variable. Empirical treatment of autoimmune inner ear disease has produced encouraging preliminary results, and further research should provide better understanding of these otoimmune disorders.