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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management01:18

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Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

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COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction01:20

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
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Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
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[Chronic Kidney Disease - Update 2018].

Markus Ketteler1, Christoph Wanner2

  • 1Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik 1, Schwerpunkt Nephrologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg.

Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
|February 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors show kidney protection in diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease. Updates in 2017 revised guidelines for chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD).

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors like canagliflozin and empagliflozin demonstrate nephroprotective effects.
  • Liraglutide also shows potential for kidney protection by reducing albuminuria and slowing estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline in diabetic nephropathy.
  • The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) released an update to its 2017 CKD-MBD guideline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the nephroprotective actions of SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease.
  • To summarize findings on liraglutide's effects on kidney function.
  • To highlight key changes in the 2017 KDIGO CKD-MBD guideline update.

Main Methods:

  • Review of published studies including the CANVAS Program Collaborative Group and EMPA-REG Outcome studies.
  • Analysis of data from the LEADER study on liraglutide.
  • Examination of the 2017 KDIGO guideline update.

Main Results:

  • Canagliflozin exhibits nephroprotective effects comparable to empagliflozin.
  • Liraglutide may offer kidney protection through albuminuria reduction and decreased eGFR decline in specific patient subgroups.
  • The 2017 KDIGO guideline update focuses on bone mineral density, hyperphosphatemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and calcium exposure in CKD patients not on dialysis.

Conclusions:

  • SGLT2 inhibitors represent a significant therapeutic option for kidney protection in various kidney diseases.
  • Liraglutide warrants further investigation for its role in managing diabetic nephropathy.
  • Clinicians should adhere to updated KDIGO guidelines for managing CKD-MBD, particularly regarding bone health and mineral metabolism.