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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

A Buoyancy-based Method of Determining Fat Levels in Drosophila
Published on: November 1, 2016
Referenced MR thermometry using three-echo phase-based fat water separation method
Lorne W Hofstetter1, Desmond T B Yeo2, W Thomas Dixon3
1Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Abstract:
A three-point image reconstruction method for internally referenced MR thermometry was developed. The technique exploits the fact that temperature-induced changes in the water resonance frequency are small relative to the chemical shift difference between water and fat signals. This property enabled the use of small angle approximations to derive an analytic phase-based fat-water separation method for MR thermometry. Ethylene glycol and cream cool-down experiments were performed to validate measurement technique. Over a cool-down temperature range of 20 °C, maximum deviation between probe and MR measurement (averaged over 1.3 cm3 region surrounding probe) was 0.6 °C and 1.1 °C for ethylene glycol and cream samples, respectively.
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