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Direct Mouse Trauma/Burn Model of Heterotopic Ossification
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Stem cells and heterotopic ossification: Lessons from animal models.
John B Lees-Shepard1, David J Goldhamer1
1Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States.
Bone
|February 8, 2018
Summary
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is abnormal bone growth in soft tissues. This review examines the stem cells causing acquired HO and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), and evaluates animal models used to study HO origins.
Area of Science:
- Cellular and Molecular Biology
- Orthopedics
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Heterotopic ossification (HO) involves abnormal bone formation in extraskeletal tissues.
- HO presents as genetic (e.g., fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva - FOP) or acquired forms, often following injury or surgery.
- Acquired HO leads to pain and significant postoperative disability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on the cellular origins of HO.
- To identify the specific stem/progenitor cell types responsible for HO.
- To discuss the mechanisms directing progenitor cells in HO formation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on HO cellular origins.
- Analysis of stem/progenitor cell populations in acquired HO and FOP.
- Evaluation of animal models for HO research.
Main Results:
- Stem/progenitor cells are central to HO pathogenesis.
- The precise identity of HO-causing cells remains undetermined.
- Mechanisms initiating cartilage and bone formation in HO are poorly understood.
Conclusions:
- Further research is needed to pinpoint the exact cell types driving HO.
- Understanding HO cellular mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatments.
- Animal models provide valuable insights but have limitations in studying HO origins.
Keywords:
ACVR1ALK2ActivinAnimal modelsBMPEndotheliumFAPsFOPFibro/adipogenic progenitorsFibrodysplasia ossificans progressivaHeterotopic ossificationMx1PDGFRαProgenitor cellsSatellite cellScleraxisSkeletal muscleStem cellsTIE2TendonMore Related Videos
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