In Vitro Screening of Synthetic Fluorogenic Substrates for Detection of Cancer Procoagulant Activity

Cancer procoagulant (CP), a direct activator of coagulation factor X, is among one of the tumour cell products or activities which may promote fibrin formation and has been suggested to be selectively associated with the malignant phenotype. At present, the most reliable assay for the quantification of CP activity is the three-stage chromogenic assay which utilises the ability of CP to activate factor X. In this assay, the activation of factor X leads to the formation of activated thrombin from prothrombin and the eventual hydrolyses of a thrombin chromogenic substrate which contains a p-nitroaniline leaving group. The complexity of the three-stage chromogenic assay suggests a need for a direct method of assaying CP activity. This study focuses on the design of a fluorogenic substrate that would enable the direct quantification of CP activity. The results of the study show two promising substrates for the determination of CP activity: Boc-PQVR-AMC and PQVR-AMC. Further analysis showed that Boc-PQVR-AMC could be excluded as a potential substrate for CP since it was also cleaved by collagenase.