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Changes in structural network are associated with cortical demyelination in early multiple sclerosis.

Gabriel Mangeat1,2, Atef Badji1,3, Russell Ouellette2,4

  • 1Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Human Brain Mapping
|February 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Early multiple sclerosis shows cortical myelin loss and altered brain connectivity. These changes may represent compensatory mechanisms responding to early nerve damage in the brain.

Keywords:
connectomecortical microstricturehigh fieldmultiple sclerosismyelinquantitative MRIstructural networksurface-based analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system.
  • Cortical demyelination and white matter damage are key pathological features of MS.
  • Understanding the relationship between structural connectivity and demyelination is crucial for early MS diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interplay between structural brain connectivity and cortical demyelination in early multiple sclerosis.
  • To assess how these metrics change with disease duration.
  • To explore potential compensatory mechanisms in early MS.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 7 Tesla (7T) MRI to acquire quantitative T1 and T2* maps for cortical myelination estimation.
  • Employed Connectom scanner for high angular resolution diffusion-weighted imaging to compute white matter structural connectivity (strength, clustering, local efficiency).
  • Analyzed data from 27 MS patients and 18 controls, stratifying patients by disease duration (0-3+ years).

Main Results:

  • Significant effects of disease duration on both cortical myelin and connectivity metrics were observed (p < 10⁻⁴).
  • Cortical myelin loss was evident in early disease stages (0-1 year, p = .0015).
  • Increased connectivity (strength, local efficiency, clustering) was found in longer disease duration cohorts (2-3 years), with significant correlations between myelin and connectivity metrics (Rho ≈ 0.52-0.55, p < .0004).

Conclusions:

  • An association exists between cortical myelin loss and altered white matter connectivity in early multiple sclerosis.
  • Changes in network organization may reflect compensatory mechanisms in response to early cortical damage.
  • These findings highlight the complex interplay of neurodegenerative processes in early MS.