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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

18
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

18
Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

18
Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Guidelines for Sketching a Curve01:23

Guidelines for Sketching a Curve

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Curve sketching is a systematic method for understanding the overall behavior of a function by analyzing its key mathematical features. A function defines a curve on the coordinate plane, where the horizontal axis represents the input variable and the vertical axis represents the output. The process begins by determining the domain, which specifies the set of input values for which the function is defined and establishes the horizontal extent of the graph.Intercepts with the horizontal and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity
10:22

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Practical Guidelines for Perioperative Hypersensitivity Reactions.

J J Laguna1,2, J Archilla3, I Doña4,2

  • 1Allergy Unit and Allergy-Anesthesia Unit, Hospital Central Cruz Roja, Madrid, Spain.

Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology
|February 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Perioperative hypersensitivity reactions require standardized hospital protocols for diagnosis and management. This review offers guidelines for acute episodes and patient referral, improving care for allergic reactions during surgery.

Keywords:
AllergyAnaphylaxisAnesthesiaHypersensitivityPerioperativeSkin testsTryptase

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Allergology
  • Clinical Immunology

Background:

  • Perioperative hypersensitivity reactions pose significant challenges for anesthesiologists and allergists.
  • Lack of standardized hospital protocols complicates management, reporting, and diagnosis of these reactions.
  • This highlights a critical gap in patient safety and care coordination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a systematic review of scientific evidence on perioperative hypersensitivity reactions.
  • To provide general guidelines for managing acute episodes and referring patients to allergy units.
  • To propose a practical algorithm for etiological diagnosis and management recommendations.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of available scientific evidence.
  • Collaboration between the Drug Allergy Committee of the Spanish Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (SEAIC) and the Spanish Anesthesia Society (SEDAR).
  • Development of a practical diagnostic algorithm and management recommendations.

Main Results:

  • Identified a need for consensus protocols in many hospitals.
  • Provided evidence-based guidelines for acute management and referral.
  • Proposed a structured approach for etiological diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized protocols are essential for effective management of perioperative hypersensitivity reactions.
  • The proposed guidelines and algorithm can improve diagnosis and treatment.
  • Collaboration between anesthesiology and allergy specialists is crucial for optimal patient outcomes.