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Related Concept Videos

Mixtures of Acids03:27

Mixtures of Acids

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The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and its initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending upon the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
A Mixture of a Strong Acid and a Weak Acid
In a mixture of a strong acid and a weak acid, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions...
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Mixtures of Acids01:19

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The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending on the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
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Kinetic Energy00:23

Kinetic Energy

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Kinetic energy is the ability of an object in motion to do work or enact change. It can take on many forms. For instance, water flowing down a waterfall has kinetic energy. In biological systems, particles of light travel and are absorbed by plants to create chemical energy. Animals consume the chemical energy and give off molecules that carry their scent through the air. They also generate kinetic energy when they run away from predators. Entire systems also possess kinetic energy, like the...
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Brick Durability, Strength, and Appearance01:15

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Brick durability, strength, and appearance are crucial factors in construction, influencing the choice of bricks for specific applications. The process of freeze-thaw, for instance, significantly affects brick durability. This phenomenon occurs when water absorbed by a brick expands as it freezes, potentially causing damage when it melts and refreezes. Bricks are graded for durability: SW-grade bricks are the most durable, offering high strength and low water absorption, followed by MW-grade...
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Enzyme Kinetics01:19

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Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy of the reactants. The speed at which the enzyme turns reactants into products is called the rate of reaction. Several factors impact the rate of reaction, including the number of available reactants. Enzyme kinetics is the study of how an enzyme changes the rate of a reaction.
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The kinetic molecular theory qualitatively explains the behaviors described by the various gas laws. The postulates of this theory may be applied in a more quantitative fashion to derive these individual laws.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks
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Highly durable Cu-based electrodes from a printable nanoparticle mixture ink: flash-light-sintered,

Hye Jin Park1, Yejin Jo, Min Kyung Cho

  • 1Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea. youngmin@krict.re.kr sjeong@krict.re.kr.

Nanoscale
|February 8, 2018
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Summary

Printable mixed inks with copper-nickel nanoparticles enable highly conductive and durable electrodes via flash-light sintering. This process is suitable for flexible electronics on temperature-sensitive substrates like polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Electronics Engineering

Background:

  • Printable nanomaterials are crucial for low-cost, large-area electronics.
  • Metallic nanoparticles are key for creating high-performance electrodes.
  • Developing durable and conductive electrodes on flexible substrates remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop printable mixed inks for advanced electrode fabrication.
  • To investigate the flash-light-sintering process for Cu-based electrodes.
  • To enable the use of thermally sensitive substrates for electronic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of printable mixed inks containing Cu, Ni, and Cu/Cu10Sn3 core/shell nanoparticles.
  • Application of instantaneous flash-light-sintering (approx. 1 ms) for electrode formation.
  • Incorporation of an ultrathin optical/thermal plasmonic barrier layer for substrate protection.

Main Results:

  • Achieved highly conductive Cu-based electrodes with a resistivity of 49 μΩ cm.
  • Demonstrated excellent durability with normalized resistance variation around 1 after 28 days at 85 °C/85% humidity.
  • Successfully fabricated electrodes on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates.

Conclusions:

  • Flash-light-sintering of multicomponent nanoparticle inks offers a rapid and effective method for creating durable, conductive electrodes.
  • The developed materials and process are compatible with thermally sensitive flexible substrates.
  • This advancement holds promise for low-cost, large-area printed electronics.