Transient Effects of Anesthesia on Leukocyte Apoptosis and Monocyte Cytokine Stimulation: A Clinical Study

The effects of anesthetics on immune cell apoptosis and cytokine stimulation were studied in a prospective study. American Society of Anesthesiologists I/II patients underwent elective inguinal hernia repair or varicose veins stripping surgery and were randomized to either epidural anesthesia (n = 14) or general anesthesia with sevoflurane (n = 19) or propofol (n = 15). Blood was sampled before anesthesia induction (T0), at the end of surgery (T1), and 6 h later (T2). Apoptosis was determined by ANNEXIN-V staining of white blood cells; monocytes were isolated and stimulated for cytokine production. Results were compared with 10 healthy volunteers well-matched for age and gender. Apoptosis of lymphocytes and monocytes was increased in the epidural and sevoflurane groups at T2. Propofol group had increased production of interleukin-6 at T1 and sevoflurane and epidural groups had decreased production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha at T2. Results emphasize the modulation of immune function by epidural and sevoflurane but not propofol anesthesia in a clinical setting.