Descriptive study of the Specialized Care of the Spanish Health System

The objective of this study is to analyze the trend of the Key Indicators of the National Health System of Spain and its autonomous communities, related to Specialized Care, from the publication of the Law of Cohesion and Quality.

This is an ecological study of temporary series of Spain and its autonomous communities from 2003 to 2014. We have analyzed 10 indicators related to Specialized Care (percentage of expenditure, professionals, waiting lists, surgical activity, average duration, infections, and mortality) using the Prais-Winsten regression method. We have obtained data from the health information system of the Spanish Ministry of Health, Social Services, and Equality.

Specialized care expenditure (APC = 0.059, 95%CI 0.041-0.074), number of medical professionals (APC = 0.0006, 95%CI 0.0003-0.0009) and nursing professionals (APC = 0.001, 95%CI 0.0005-0.0016), hospital infections (APC = 0.0003, 95%CI 0.0002-0.0004), and in-hospital mortality (APC = 0.0008, 95%CI 0.0006-0.001) had an increasing trend in Spain. Average duration presented a decreasing trend (APC = -0.0017, 95%CI -0.002- -0.0014). The trend of waiting lists (specialized appointment and non-urgent surgical interventions) was static. The trend of these indicators varied in the Autonomous Communities.

We have observed a non-compliance with the principles of equity and quality of the services offered. Increased aging, technological development, and inadequate strategies taken to reduce health costs may be the main causes.