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Alpha cell dysfunction in type 1 diabetes.

Gina L C Yosten1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States.

Peptides
|February 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Type 1 diabetes damages insulin-producing beta cells and impairs alpha cell function, disrupting glucose balance. This review explores alpha cell physiology and dysfunction in type 1 diabetes progression.

Keywords:
Alpha cellGlucagonHyperglycemiaHypoglycemiaType 1 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) involves beta cell loss, impacting insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis.
  • Alpha cell dysfunction in T1D can cause hyperglycemia (via hyperglucagonemia) or hypoglycemia (via failed counterregulation).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review alpha cell secretion physiology.
  • To explore mechanisms of alpha cell dysfunction in T1D.
  • To present a timeline of aberrant alpha cell function in T1D progression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of alpha cell physiology.
  • Analysis of mechanisms causing alpha cell dysfunction in T1D.
  • Synthesis of a timeline for alpha cell dysfunction in T1D.

Main Results:

  • Alpha cell dysfunction is a progressive feature of T1D, contributing to glycemic dysregulation.
  • Aberrant alpha cell function can manifest as hyperglucagonemia or impaired glucagon response.
  • Understanding the natural history of alpha cell changes is crucial for T1D management.

Conclusions:

  • Alpha cell dysfunction significantly impacts T1D pathogenesis and glycemic control.
  • Further research into alpha cell mechanisms can reveal new therapeutic targets for T1D.
  • A comprehensive timeline of alpha cell dysfunction aids in understanding T1D's progressive nature.