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Related Concept Videos

Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...
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Weak Base Solutions03:21

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Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
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Base Excision Repair01:54

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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
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Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
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DNA Base Pairing02:27

DNA Base Pairing

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Erwin Chargaff’s rules on DNA equivalence paved the way for the discovery of base pairing in DNA. Chargaff’s rules state that in a double-stranded DNA molecule,
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Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases02:58

Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

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The acid-base reaction class has been studied for quite some time. In 1680, Robert Boyle reported traits of acid solutions that included their ability to dissolve many substances, to change the colors of certain natural dyes, and to lose these traits after coming in contact with alkali (base) solutions. In the eighteenth century, it was recognized that acids have a sour taste, react with limestone to liberate a gaseous substance (now known to be CO2), and interact with alkalis to form neutral...
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Symmetric Bihemispheric Postmortem Brain Cutting to Study Healthy and Pathological Brain Conditions in Humans
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Pathology-Based Research in Africa.

Maria P Lemos1, Terrie E Taylor2, Suzanne M McGoldrick3

  • 1Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, E4-203, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.

Clinics in Laboratory Medicine
|February 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Pathology research in Africa, though challenging, yields significant insights into infectious diseases like malaria and HIV, and cancer. Pathology-based approaches are crucial for understanding disease, improving diagnostics, and impacting communities.

Keywords:
Burkitt lymphomaCancerHIV/AIDSHistopathologyInfectious diseaseMalariaPathology

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Area of Science:

  • Pathology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Pathology research in Africa faces unique challenges.
  • Despite hurdles, research offers substantial rewards in knowledge, collaboration, and community impact.
  • Focus on infectious diseases and cancer is critical for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review pathology-based research efforts in Africa.
  • To highlight the application of pathology in understanding disease.
  • To showcase the impact of research on affected communities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of three distinct research projects.
  • Focus on pathology-based approaches.
  • Investigation of physiology, pathogenesis, clinical course predictors, and diagnostics.

Main Results:

  • Successful implementation of pathology research in Malawi (malaria), South Africa (HIV), and Uganda (cancer).
  • Demonstrated utility of pathology in addressing critical health questions.
  • Established value of collaborative, pathology-driven research.

Conclusions:

  • Pathology research in Africa is feasible and highly impactful.
  • Pathology-based methods are essential for advancing understanding and treatment of diseases.
  • Continued investment in African pathology research is vital for global health.