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Vaccine-preventable, hospitalizations among American Indian/Alaska Native children using the 2012 Kid's Inpatient
Amanda J Nickel1, Susan E Puumala2, Anupam B Kharbanda3
1Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, 2525 Chicago Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55404, United States.
Insights
American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) children faced higher hospitalization odds for vaccine-preventable infectious diseases (VP-IDs) in 2012 compared to White children. This highlights critical gaps in immunization and infectious disease prevention for AI/AN youth.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Vaccine-preventable infectious diseases (VP-IDs) pose a significant health burden globally.
- Disparities in healthcare access and outcomes exist among racial and ethnic minority groups in the United States.
- Understanding hospitalization risks for VP-IDs among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) children is crucial for targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the odds of hospitalization for VP-IDs in AI/AN children versus other racial and ethnic groups.
- To utilize the nationally representative 2012 Kid's Inpatient Database (KID) for this analysis.
- To identify potential disparities in VP-ID related hospitalizations outside the Indian Health Service (IHS) system.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional analysis of the 2012 Kid's Inpatient Database (KID).
- Multivariate logistic regression to assess the association between race/ethnicity and VP-ID hospitalization.
- Adjustment for covariates including age, sex, chronic disease status, metropolitan location, and household income.
Main Results:
- AI/AN children had significantly higher odds of hospitalization for VP-IDs (OR=1.81, 95% CI=1.34, 2.45) compared to Non-Hispanic White children.
- This increased likelihood persisted after adjusting for key demographic and socioeconomic factors.
- The findings were based on hospitalizations in non-federal, non-IHS settings.
Conclusions:
- A significant disparity exists in VP-ID hospitalization rates for AI/AN children compared to Non-Hispanic White children.
- These findings underscore the need for enhanced immunization strategies and infectious disease prevention programs for AI/AN children.
- Further research is necessary to understand and address the factors contributing to these disparities, particularly for those not served by IHS.
Abstract:
Our aim was to assess the odds of hospitalization for a vaccine-preventable, infectious disease (VP-ID) in American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) children compared to other racial and ethnic groups using the 2012 Kid's Inpatient Database (KID) The KID is a nationally representative sample, which allows for evaluation of VP-ID in a non-federal, non-Indian Health Service setting. In a cross-sectional analysis, we evaluated the association of race/ethnicity and a composite outcome of hospitalization due to vaccine-preventable infection using multivariate logistic regression. AI/AN children were more likely (OR=1.81, 95% CI=1.34, 2.45) to be admitted to the hospital in 2012 for a VP-ID compared to Non-Hispanic white children after adjusting for age, sex, chronic disease status, metropolitan location, and median household income. This disparity highlights the necessity for a more comprehensive understanding of immunization and infectious disease exposure among American Indian children, especially those not covered or evaluated by Indian Health Service.