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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
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Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

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The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
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Parallel Resonance01:23

Parallel Resonance

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The parallel RLC circuit is an arrangement where the resistor (R), inductor (L), and capacitor (C) are all connected to the same nodes and, as a result, share the same voltage across them. The parallel RLC circuit is analyzed in terms of admittance (Y), which reflects the ease with which current can flow. The admittance is given by:
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Author Spotlight: Decoding Metastasis-to-Metastasis Seeding Using a New In Vivo Technique for Tracking Breast Cancer Spread
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Dissemination from a Solid Tumor: Examining the Multiple Parallel Pathways.

Moriah E Katt1, Andrew D Wong1, Peter C Searson2

  • 1Institute for Nanobiotechnology, 100 Croft Hall, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; These authors contributed equally.

Trends in Cancer
|February 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metastasis involves complex, parallel pathways, not just a linear sequence. Targeting common bottlenecks in tumor cell dissemination is crucial for developing effective anti-metastasis therapies and improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
disseminationextravasationintravasationmetastasistumor microenvironmenttumor vasculature

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Translational Medicine

Background:

  • Metastasis, the spread of cancer cells, is a complex process.
  • Current clinical strategies often target the primary tumor or distant metastases.
  • Understanding metastasis is key to improving patient survival rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of common tumor dissemination pathways.
  • To highlight the complexity of metastasis beyond linear models.
  • To identify common bottlenecks in cancer cell spread.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of metastasis research.
  • Analysis of common dissemination mechanisms in various tumors.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on parallel metastatic pathways.

Main Results:

  • Metastasis is characterized by multiple parallel dissemination mechanisms, not solely a linear cascade.
  • Identifying common bottlenecks across these pathways is essential for therapeutic intervention.
  • Halting specific steps may not be sufficient due to redundant mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of metastasis complexity is required for novel therapeutic design.
  • Future therapies must address parallel dissemination pathways to effectively halt cancer spread.
  • Targeting common bottlenecks offers a promising strategy to reduce tumor cell dissemination.