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Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality01:27

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The psychodynamic perspective in psychology asserts that most personality functions operate unconsciously, outside of awareness. This means that the motives and emotions driving behavior often remain hidden, automatically buried in the unconscious mind as a defense mechanism to shield us from psychological distress. According to this theory, the unconscious mind contains thoughts, memories, and emotions that are too disturbing to face directly.
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The Behavioral Perspective on Personality01:19

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Establishment of a Primary Culture of Patient-derived Soft Tissue Sarcoma
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Olaratumab in soft tissue sarcoma - Current status and future perspectives.

Georgios Antoniou1, Alexander T J Lee2, Paul H Huang3

  • 1Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.

European Journal of Cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)
|February 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Olaratumab plus doxorubicin improved survival in advanced soft tissue sarcoma. Further research is needed to understand olaratumab's precise mechanism of action and its role in cancer treatment.

Keywords:
DoxorubicinOlaratumabPDGFRαSoft tissue sarcomaTherapeutic antibody

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS) treatment remains challenging.
  • Olaratumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα), has shown survival benefits when combined with doxorubicin in anthracycline-naïve advanced STS patients.
  • Discrepancies between overall survival and progression-free survival/response rates suggest complex mechanisms of action for olaratumab.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the precise mechanism of action of olaratumab in advanced soft tissue sarcoma.
  • To explore potential alternative mechanisms beyond PDGFRα inhibition, such as immune engagement and tumor stroma modulation.
  • To characterize the contribution of cytotoxic agents in olaratumab-containing combinations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of randomized phase II trial data.
  • Review of preclinical data on PDGFRα inhibition.
  • Evaluation of pharmacodynamic markers and clinical benefit correlation.
  • Consideration of proposed mechanisms including immune response and tumor stroma alterations.

Main Results:

  • Olaratumab demonstrated an unprecedented improvement in overall survival in patients with advanced STS when added to doxorubicin.
  • The observed survival benefit was disproportionate to improvements in progression-free survival and response rates.
  • Preclinical data suggest PDGFRα inhibition, but clinical correlations are lacking, indicating potential alternative mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Olaratumab shows significant promise in improving overall survival for advanced soft tissue sarcoma patients.
  • The exact mechanism of olaratumab's efficacy requires further elucidation, potentially involving immune modulation or tumor stroma effects.
  • Ongoing and future studies, including a completed phase III trial, are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of olaratumab's role in STS treatment.