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Drugs exert their therapeutic effects by interacting with receptors, enzymes, or ion channels that are present throughout the human body. The strength and duration of the interaction between a drug and its target receptor are characterized by the selectivity and specificity of the drug. Selectivity refers to a drug's strong preference for its intended target over other targets. For instance, isoprenaline, a non-selective β-adrenergic agonist, interacts with both β1- and...
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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Natural selection, a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology, is the mechanism by which evolution is driven, favoring organisms that are best adapted to their environments. This process enhances their chances of survival and reproduction. Adaptation, a key outcome of this process, involves genetic modifications that optimize an organism's functionality under specific environmental challenges, such as extreme cold or thinner air at high altitudes.
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Selected landscape phage probe as selective recognition interface for sensitive total prostate-specific antigen

Lei Han1, Hongqi Xia2, Long Yin3

  • 1Institute for Biosensing, and College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|February 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phage probes targeting total prostate-specific antigen (t-PSA) were developed for prostate cancer detection. A phage-based differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) immunosensor achieved highly sensitive t-PSA detection at the pg/mL level.

Keywords:
Electrochemical immunosensorPhage ELISAPhage probeRecognition interfaceTotal prostate-specific antigen

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Biosensor Development
  • Cancer Biomarker Detection

Background:

  • Total prostate-specific antigen (t-PSA) is a key biomarker for prostate cancer diagnosis.
  • Traditional antibody-based detection methods can have limitations in sensitivity and cost.
  • Phage display technology offers a novel approach for generating specific binding agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To select and characterize phage probes specific for t-PSA.
  • To develop and evaluate a biosensor utilizing these phage probes for t-PSA detection.
  • To compare the performance of phage-based biosensors with conventional methods like ELISA.

Main Methods:

  • Biopanning of a phage display library to isolate t-PSA-specific phage clones.
  • Characterization of phage binding affinity and specificity using phage capture assays.
  • Development of sandwich ELISA and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) assay systems incorporating the phage probes.

Main Results:

  • A specific phage clone displaying the fusion peptide ATRSANGM showed high affinity for t-PSA.
  • Both ELISA and DPV assays demonstrated high specificity and reliability for serum sample analysis.
  • The DPV method exhibited a wider linear range, lower limit of detection (3 pg/mL), and better agreement with authoritative methods compared to ELISA.

Conclusions:

  • Landscape phage displaying specific peptides can serve as effective capture probes in biosensors.
  • The phage-probe-based DPV immunosensor offers highly sensitive t-PSA detection at the picogram per milliliter level.
  • Phage-based biosensors present a promising alternative to antibody-based methods for cancer biomarker detection due to their stability and homogeneity.