Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

9.9K
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
9.9K
Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:27

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

296
Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...
296
Lewis Symbols and the Octet Rule02:36

Lewis Symbols and the Octet Rule

82.6K
Chemical bonds are complex interactions between two or more atoms or ions, which reduce the potential energy of the molecule. Gilbert N. Lewis developed a model called the Lewis model that simplified the depiction of chemical bond formation and provided straightforward explanations for the chemical bonds seen in most common compounds.
82.6K
Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes02:31

Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes

127.8K
A chemical symbol is an abbreviation used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. The same symbol is used to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
Some symbols are derived from the common English name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language — Latin, Greek or German. For example, the symbol for aluminum (common name)...
127.8K
Chemical Symbols01:09

Chemical Symbols

122.6K
A chemical symbol is an abbreviation that is used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. We use the same symbol to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
Some symbols are derived from the common name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language. Most symbols have one or two letters, but three-letter symbols have been used...
122.6K
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

1.2K
The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Brain functional and effective connectivity underlying the information processing speed assessed by the Symbol Digit Modalities Test.

NeuroImage·2018
Same author

A Family with Friedreich Ataxia and Onion-Bulb Formations at Sural Nerve Biopsy.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2017
Same author

Cerebral blood flow and vasoreactivity in aging: an arterial spin labeling study.

Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas·2017
Same author

Defective expression of apoptosis-related molecules in multiple sclerosis patients is normalized early after autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Clinical and experimental immunology·2016
Same author

Autologous hematopoietic SCT normalizes miR-16, -155 and -142-3p expression in multiple sclerosis patients.

Bone marrow transplantation·2014
Same author

Impaired CBF regulation and high CBF threshold contribute to the increased sensitivity of spontaneously hypertensive rats to cerebral ischemia.

Neuroscience·2014

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Magnetically-Assisted Remote Controlled Microcatheter Tip Deflection under Magnetic Resonance Imaging
11:27

Magnetically-Assisted Remote Controlled Microcatheter Tip Deflection under Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: April 4, 2013

12.9K

Symbol Digit Modalities Test adaptation for Magnetic Resonance Imaging environment: A systematic review and

P H R Silva1, C T Spedo2, A A Barreira2

  • 1Dept. of Physics, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
|February 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study identified brain areas involved in the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) using fMRI meta-analysis. Findings highlight the frontoparietal network and occipital cortex, aiding understanding of cognitive processing in healthy and clinical populations.

Keywords:
Functional Magnetic Resonance ImagingInformation processing speedMultiple sclerosisSymbol Digit Modalities Test

More Related Videos

Crack Monitoring in Resonance Fatigue Testing of Welded Specimens Using Digital Image Correlation
05:30

Crack Monitoring in Resonance Fatigue Testing of Welded Specimens Using Digital Image Correlation

Published on: September 29, 2019

8.7K
Multiple-mouse Neuroanatomical Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:08

Multiple-mouse Neuroanatomical Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: February 27, 2011

16.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Magnetically-Assisted Remote Controlled Microcatheter Tip Deflection under Magnetic Resonance Imaging
11:27

Magnetically-Assisted Remote Controlled Microcatheter Tip Deflection under Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: April 4, 2013

12.9K
Crack Monitoring in Resonance Fatigue Testing of Welded Specimens Using Digital Image Correlation
05:30

Crack Monitoring in Resonance Fatigue Testing of Welded Specimens Using Digital Image Correlation

Published on: September 29, 2019

8.7K
Multiple-mouse Neuroanatomical Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:08

Multiple-mouse Neuroanatomical Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: February 27, 2011

16.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) is a key cognitive evaluation tool for information processing speed (IPS).
  • SDMT is sensitive to cognitive impairments in neurological disorders like stroke and multiple sclerosis.
  • Identifying brain regions associated with SDMT performance is crucial for understanding cognitive function and dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies adapting the SDMT.
  • To conduct a meta-analysis identifying brain areas associated with SDMT performance in healthy subjects.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of ten studies (1990-2017) from four databases.
  • Inclusion of studies using fMRI and SDMT in healthy adults (18-50 years).
  • Meta-analysis using Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) algorithm (p < 0.05 corrected).

Main Results:

  • Meta-analysis revealed significant activation in the frontoparietal attentional network and occipital cortex.
  • Key regions identified include the cuneus, precuneus, and cerebellum.
  • Activated regions are consistent with established neuroscientific findings for cognitive tasks.

Conclusions:

  • This study successfully identified brain areas activated during SDMT performance in healthy individuals.
  • Findings provide a baseline for understanding altered brain activation in clinical populations.
  • Results can inform future research on therapeutic strategies for cognitive deficits.