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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Generation of Escape Variants of Neutralizing Influenza Virus Monoclonal Antibodies
Published on: August 29, 2017
Induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies in Germinal Centre simulations
Philippe A Robert1, Andrea Lj Marschall1, Michael Meyer-Hermann2
1Department of Systems Immunology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
Abstract:
Vaccines against mutating pathogens such as influenza, HIV, or plasmodium are poorly protective towards new evolving strains. Rare individuals naturally mount broadly neutralizing antibodies covering most strains, but the requirements for their induction are unknown. The antibody response to vaccination has been recapitulated by in silico models that proposed two opposite schemes: A theory of 'frustration' where one epitope at a time leads to optimal antibody breadth through sequential immunizations, that was proven successful for HIV vaccination in primates. Another theory supports vaccination with cocktails of multiple representative epitopes in a unique prime and boost, which succeeded for influenza in mice. We discuss how in silico models differ in their assumptions, with particular focus on protein affinity representation.
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