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Endoscopy and Laparoscopy in Disorders of Sex Development
Kianusch Tafazzoli1, Lutz Wünsch, Marie Bouteleux
1Department of Paediatric Surgery, University of Lübeck, UKSH, Lübeck, Germany.
Abstract:
Endoscopy and laparoscopy are used for the assessment of disorders of sex development (DSD) and therapeutic interventions. Endoscopy (urethra-cystoscopy, vaginoscopy) is especially useful when vaginal or urethral surgery is planned. It is also valuable for the assessment of complications. Laparoscopy is used to identify sex ducts and gonads and to perform minimally invasive abdominal and pelvic surgery. This article reviews clinical indications, limitations, findings, and their reporting. It further discusses the impact of these findings on care in typical clinical situations.
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