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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Neuro-oncology

Background:

  • Tumor-induced tolerance involves immunomodulatory pathways, including the programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis.
  • Central nervous system (CNS) germinomas, while primarily composed of germ cells, also contain numerous quiescent tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression of PD-L1 and PD-1 in CNS germinomas.
  • To determine if PD-L1 expression contributes to T cell anergy in germinomas.
  • To assess the potential of immunotherapy for CNS germinomas.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze PD-L1 and PD-1 expression in 21 CNS germinoma specimens.
  • Specimens were collected between 2000 and 2016.

Main Results:

  • Nineteen of 21 germinomas (90%) showed PD-L1 expression in their germ cell components.
  • PD-L1 expression was also observed in lymphocytes in 16 cases.
  • PD-1 expression was predominantly found on lymphocytes, suggesting PD-L1 may induce lymphocyte quiescence.

Conclusions:

  • PD-L1 expression is prevalent in CNS germinomas and may mediate immune evasion by inducing T cell anergy.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as nivolumab, represent a potential therapeutic avenue for treating CNS germinomas.