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The clock-drawing test: normative data in adult and elderly Israeli Arabs.
Doron Merims1, Merav Ben Natan2, Deep Milawi1
1Department of Geriatrics, Shoham Geriatric Center, Affiliated with the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Pardes Hana, Israel.
Summary
This study provides normative data for the clock-drawing test (CDT) in Israeli Arabs, finding age negatively impacts performance while education improves it. These results aid in interpreting cognitive function in this population.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive assessment
- Neuropsychology
- Gerontology
Background:
- The clock-drawing test (CDT) is widely used for cognitive assessment.
- Normative data for adult and elderly Israeli Arabs are lacking.
- Sociodemographic factors' influence on CDT performance in this group is unknown.
Purpose of the Study:
- Establish normative data for CDT in adult and elderly Israeli Arabs.
- Investigate the impact of age, education, and gender on CDT performance.
- Examine the association between CDT and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores.
Main Methods:
- 295 healthy community-dwelling Israeli Arabs (aged 20-86) with MMSE ≥24 participated.
- Participants underwent both the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the clock-drawing test (CDT).
Main Results:
- Age negatively affected CDT performance, particularly in those aged 60-86.
- Higher education and academic occupations positively correlated with CDT performance.
- Gender and location (urban/rural) did not significantly impact CDT scores.
- CDT performance was a significant predictor of MMSE scores.
Conclusions:
- This study offers preliminary normative data for CDT in Israeli Arabs.
- The CDT is a viable tool for assessing cognitive function in this population.
- The established normative data can assist in interpreting cognitive assessments for Israeli Arabs.
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