Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Clock Scan Protocol for Image Analysis: ImageJ Plugins
Published on: June 19, 2017
The clock-drawing test: normative data in adult and elderly Israeli Arabs
Doron Merims1, Merav Ben Natan2, Deep Milawi1
1Department of Geriatrics, Shoham Geriatric Center, Affiliated with the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Pardes Hana, Israel.
Aim:
Despite the widespread use of the clock-drawing test (CDT), normative data and information regarding the influence of sociodemographic factors on test performance by adult and elderly Israeli Arabs are lacking. The current study aimed to establish normative data for this population group by exploring the impact of sociodemographic factors such as age, education, and gender on CDT performance. In addition, this study examined the association between CDT performance and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores.
Methods:
The sample consisted of 295 community-dwelling healthy adult and elderly Israeli Arabs, aged 20-86 years, with a MMSE score ≥24. The MMSE and the CDT were administered to participants.
Results:
Statistical analyses revealed that age had a negative effect on CDT performance, which was most pronounced in the 60-86 age group, but education and occupation (academic vs non-academic) had a positive effect. Gender and place of residence (urban vs rural) had no effect. CDT performance predicted the MMSE score.
Conclusions:
The present study provides preliminary normative data on adult and elderly Israeli Arabs. The CDT appears to be applicable to Israeli Arabs, while the normative data might help interpret cognitive function results in this population.
Related Concept Videos
Drawing Free-body Diagrams: Rules
Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses
How Data are Classified: Categorical Data
Data are classified based on whether they are measurable or not. Categorical data cannot be measured; instead, it can be divided into categories. For example, if Y denotes a person's party affiliation, some examples of Y include...
How Data are Classified: Numerical Data
Quantitative data may be either discrete or continuous. All quantitative data that take on only specific numerical...
Adult Stem Cells
Data Reporting and Recording

