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The dynamic intein landscape of eukaryotes.

Cathleen M Green1, Olga Novikova1, Marlene Belfort1,2

  • 11Department of Biological Sciences and RNA Institute, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222 USA.

Mobile DNA
|February 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Eukaryotic inteins are rare but found in fungi, algae, and viruses, often in key proteins. Their mobility is explained by horizontal transfer, intragenomic transfer, and endosymbiosis.

Keywords:
EndosymbiosisHorizontal transferInteinMobile elementsSequence similarity network

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Inteins are mobile, self-splicing protein sequences found across all domains of life.
  • Previous studies focused on prokaryotic inteins, suggesting functional importance.
  • This study investigates eukaryotic inteins to understand their landscape and evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the diversity, distribution, and dissemination of eukaryotic inteins.
  • To evaluate the eukaryotic intein landscape comprehensively.
  • To understand intein maintenance and dissect evolutionary relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatics analysis of intein sequences.
  • Sequence similarity network analysis.
  • Comparative genomics.

Main Results:

  • Eukaryotic inteins are scarce, found in fungal, algal, and viral genomes.
  • Inteins are prevalent in human/plant fungal pathogens and proteins like Prp8 and DnaB.
  • Inteins often localize to protein loops at conserved sites.
  • Mobility mechanisms include horizontal gene transfer (HGT) with viruses, intragenomic transfer, and endosymbiosis for DnaB inteins.

Conclusions:

  • Eukaryotic intein landscape shaped by diverse evolutionary forces.
  • Inteins represent potential novel regulatory elements.
  • Inteins offer innovative drug target possibilities.